Edge-Accelerated Currents — Currents often strengthen along drop-off edges.

Depth Perception Distortion — Visual contrast can distort perceived depth.

Terrain-Induced Descent — Divers may unintentionally follow terrain downward.

Deceptive Entry Openings — Openings may become restrictive inside due to angle, collapse, or corrosion.

Surge-Induced Internal Silt Shift — Internal surge can move silt and debris without direct contact.

Partial Overhead Environment — Many wrecks limit direct ascent even without full penetration.

Fine Rust Particle Silt-Out — Disturbed rust particles can rapidly reduce visibility.

Thermocline Buoyancy Shift — Sharp thermoclines can cause sudden buoyancy changes.

Instant Visibility Collapse — Sediment disturbance can eliminate visibility immediately.

Late Detection of Structures — Submerged structures may only appear at very close range.

Unstable Visual Ascents — Relying on wall visuals can destabilise ascents.

Gradual Depth Creep — Lack of visual bottom reference can cause unnoticed descent.

Unsignalled Downcurrents — Downcurrents can form without visible indicators.

Gradual Narcosis Onset — Narcosis may develop slowly, making self-assessment unreliable.

Task Fixation at Depth — Cognitive narrowing at depth can reduce awareness of time and ascent rate.

Increased Gas Density Breathing Load — Higher gas density at depth increases work of breathing.

Bubble Trapping Under Overhangs — Rock overhangs can trap exhaled bubbles, reducing visibility and causing disorientation.

Reflected Surge Patterns — Surge reflecting off rock faces can create irregular and unpredictable water movement.

Current Funnel Effect — Narrow gaps between rocks can accelerate water flow unexpectedly.