Deceptive Entry Openings — Openings may become restrictive inside due to angle, collapse, or corrosion.

Surge-Induced Internal Silt Shift — Internal surge can move silt and debris without direct contact.

Partial Overhead Environment — Many wrecks limit direct ascent even without full penetration.

Fine Rust Particle Silt-Out — Disturbed rust particles can rapidly reduce visibility.

Thermocline Buoyancy Shift — Sharp thermoclines can cause sudden buoyancy changes.

Instant Visibility Collapse — Sediment disturbance can eliminate visibility immediately.

Late Detection of Structures — Submerged structures may only appear at very close range.

Edge-Accelerated Currents — Currents often strengthen along drop-off edges.

Depth Perception Distortion — Visual contrast can distort perceived depth.

Terrain-Induced Descent — Divers may unintentionally follow terrain downward.

Navigation Ambiguity — Lack of reference points makes exits harder to relocate.

Unnoticed Depth Drift — Featureless terrain can cause slow, unnoticed depth changes.

Camouflaged Hazardous Species — Hazardous marine life may remain unnoticed until very close.

Landmark Misidentification — Familiar sites can become unrecognisable at night.

Light-Induced Tunnel Vision — Focused light beams reduce peripheral awareness.

Depth Perception Errors — Reduced ambient light increases depth perception mistakes.

Bubble Trapping Under Overhangs — Rock overhangs can trap exhaled bubbles, reducing visibility and causing disorientation.

Reflected Surge Patterns — Surge reflecting off rock faces can create irregular and unpredictable water movement.

Current Funnel Effect — Narrow gaps between rocks can accelerate water flow unexpectedly.

Unstable Visual Ascents — Relying on wall visuals can destabilise ascents.

Gradual Depth Creep — Lack of visual bottom reference can cause unnoticed descent.

Unsignalled Downcurrents — Downcurrents can form without visible indicators.